The Holy Grail Myth: Hashing, Pseudonymization, and the Evolving Boundaries of Personal Data Protection For over…
Inside the trial that could redefine what ride-hailing companies owe their passengers—and what they’ve known all…
Confidentiality Clauses and the Right to Legal Counsel: The Boundaries That Non-Disclosure Agreements Cannot Cross In…
The Problem of Discrepancies Between Numerical and Written Expressions I. Introduction: When Numbers and Words Collide…
I. Introduction: The Deceptive Simplicity of Silence Consider the following scenario: a commercial enterprise transmits an…
Genesis allocation—the initial distribution of tokens created contemporaneously with the establishment of a new blockchain network—presents…
Theoretical Foundations, Comparative Systems, and Contemporary Challenges I. Introduction The property tax—denominated Grundsteuer in German fiscal…
Theoretical Foundations, Comparative Frameworks, and the Regulatory Challenges of Decentralized Finance Cryptocurrency taxation encompasses the corpus…
Regulatory Frameworks, Compliance Architectures, and the Challenge of Decentralized Finance The proliferation of blockchain technology and…
I. Introduction Cryptocurrencies constitute a novel class of digital assets employing asymmetric cryptography to secure transactions…
I. Introduction The participation exemption—known variously as Schachtelprivileg in German jurisprudence, exonération des dividendes in French…
In December 2025, the Regional Administrative Court in Olsztyn rendered a judgment that may significantly reshape…
Related parties (also termed affiliated entities or associated enterprises) constitute business entities maintaining mutual capital, personal,…
How a Google Engineer Spent His Lunch Breaks Google employs thousands of security engineers. Spends billions…
What a London arson trial reveals about Russia’s intelligence doctrine—and the West’s dangerous misreading of it…
On the last day of 2025, while the rest of the world busied itself with champagne…
A Landmark Case of Political “Debanking” On January 22, 2026, President Donald Trump filed suit in…
On hostile takeovers, boardroom warfare, and the eternal question of corporate control Corporate law rests on…
Every individual signs documents differently. Some carefully inscribe each letter of their surname; others produce artistic…
The Look-Through Approach in Polish Case Law I. Introduction: The Beneficial Owner Clause and Preferential WHT…
How to Establish a Branch of a Foreign Company in Poland: A Practical Guide for International…
When law enforcement crosses the line from catching criminals to creating them, the consequences reach far…
I. Introduction Consider the following scenario: an entrepreneur suspects that his business partner is embezzling funds…
Tax authorities may not uncritically accept evidentiary materials transmitted by prosecutorial offices or intelligence services. Where…
The curious journey of wiretap evidence from criminal investigations to tax disputes—and the courts that decide…
The tax audit protocol (protokół kontroli podatkowej) occupies a position of singular importance within the Polish…
To understand why Monaco’s banks are exceptionally selective about accepting clients, one must examine the economics…
The utilization of trademark licensing arrangements between affiliated entities represents a prevalent tax planning mechanism across…
When private notes resurface as star witness Private notes have a way of resurfacing at the…
The Billion-Dollar Aftermarket That Isn’t Supposed to Exist Somewhere between a Taylor Swift concert—the kind that…
